- A Small Steel Roulette Ball Rolls Around The Inside Of A 30 Cm
- A Small Steel Roulette Ball Rolls Around The Sun
- A Small Steel Roulette Ball Rolls Around The Inside
- A Small Steel Roulette Ball Rolls Around Heaven
A scoring device consisting of a large metal wheel and a small steel ball enclosed in an area not accessible by the ball in play. The wheel has small trap holes all along its outside edge. When activated, the wheel spins around its central axis, causing its captive ball to randomly roll around with it. A small steel ball rolls counterclockwise around the inside of a 40.0-cm-diameter roulette wheel. The ball completes exactly 2 revolutions in 0.95 s. What is the ball's angular velocity in rad/s?
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Join Britannica's Publishing Partner Program and our community of experts to gain a global audience for your work!Roulette, (from French: “small wheel”), gambling game in which players bet on which red or black numbered compartment of a revolving wheel a small ball (spun in the opposite direction) will come to rest within. Bets are placed on a table marked to correspond with the compartments of the wheel. It is played in casinos worldwide. Roulette is a banking game, and all bets are placed against the bank—that is, the house, or the proprietor of the game. As a big-time betting game, it has had its popularity superseded in the United States and the Caribbean islands by others, notably craps, blackjack, and poker.
Fanciful stories about the origin of roulette include its invention by the 17th-century French mathematician Blaise Pascal, by a French monk, and by the Chinese, from whom it was supposedly transmitted to France by Dominican monks. In reality, roulette was derived in France in the early 18th century from the older games hoca and portique, and it is first mentioned under its current name in 1716 in Bordeaux. Following several modifications, roulette achieved its present layout and wheel structure about 1790, after which it rapidly gained status as the leading game in the casinos and gambling houses of Europe. During the years 1836 to 1933, roulette was banned in France.
Equipment
The roulette table is composed of two sections, the wheel itself and the betting layout, better known as the roulette layout. There are two styles of roulette tables. One has a single betting layout with the roulette wheel at one end, and the other has two layouts with the wheel in the centre. The wheel spins horizontally.
Heading the layout design, which is printed on green baize, is a space containing the figure 0 (European style) or the figures 0 and 00 (American style, although such wheels were used also in Europe during the 18th and 19th centuries). The main portion of the design is composed of 36 consecutively numbered rectangular spaces, alternately coloured red and black and arranged in three columns of 12 spaces each, beginning with 1 at the top and concluding with 36 at the bottom. Directly below the numbers are three blank spaces (on some layouts these are marked “2 to 1” and are located on the players’ side of the table). On either side of these or along one side of the columns are rectangular spaces marked “1st 12,” “2nd 12,” and “3rd 12” on American-style layouts. On European-style layouts these terms are “12p” (première), “12m” (milieu), and “12d” (dernière douzaine). Six more spaces are marked “red” (rouge), “black” (noir), “even” (pair), “odd” (impair), “1–18” (low, or manque), and “19–36” (high, or passe).
The roulette wheel consists of a solid wooden disk slightly convex in shape. Around its rim are metal partitions known as separators or frets, and the compartments or pockets between these are called canoes by roulette croupiers. Thirty-six of these compartments, painted alternately red and black, are numbered nonconsecutively from 1 to 36. On European-style wheels a 37th compartment, painted green, carries the sign 0, and on American wheels two green compartments on opposite sides of the wheel carry the signs 0 and 00. The wheel, its spindle perfectly balanced, spins smoothly in an almost frictionless manner.
The standard roulette table employs up to 10 sets of wheel checks (usually called chips). Each set is differently coloured; each traditionally consists of 300 chips; and there is one set for each player. The chips usually have a single basic value, although some casinos also sell chips of lesser value. The colour of the chips indicates the player, not the value of the chips. If a player wishes to buy chips of slightly higher value, the croupier places a marker indicating that value on top of the table’s stack of chips of the colour corresponding to the chips purchased. Most casinos also have high-value chips that can be wagered at any gaming table. Unlike roulette chips, these have their numbered values printed on them.
Bets
It is possible to place the following bets in roulette: (1) straight, or single-number (en plein), in which the chips are placed squarely on one number of the layout, including 0 (and also 00 on American layouts), so that the chips do not touch any of the lines enclosing the number; a winning single-number bet pays 35 to 1 (for each unit bet, a winning player receives his original bet and 35 matching units); (2) split, or 2-number (à cheval), in which the chips are placed on any line separating any two numbers; if either wins, payoff odds are 17 to 1; (3) street, or 3-number (transversale pleine), in which the chips are placed on the outside line of the layout, betting the three numbers opposite the chips; payoff odds on any of the three numbers are 11 to 1; (4) square, quarter, corner, or 4-number (en carré), in which the chips are placed on the intersection of the lines between any four numbers; payoff odds are 8 to 1; (5) line, or 6-number (sixaine or transversale six), in which the chips are placed on the intersection of the sideline and a line between two “streets”; payoff odds are 5 to 1; (6) column (colonne), or 12-number, in which the chips are placed on one of the three blank spaces (some layouts have three squares, marked “1st,” “2nd,” and “3rd”) at the bottom of the layout, thus betting the 12 numbers above the space; payoff odds are 2 to 1; (7) dozens (douzaine), or 12-number, in which the chips are placed on one of the spaces of the layout marked “12,” betting the numbers 1–12, 13–24, or 25–36; payoff odds are 2 to 1; (8) low-number or high-number, in which the chips are placed on the layout space marked “1–18” (manque) or on the space marked “19–36” (passe); payoff is even money; (9) black or red, in which the chips are placed on a space of the layout marked “black” (noir) or on a space marked “red” (rouge; some layouts have a large black or red diamond-shaped design instead of the words); payoff is even money; (10) odd-number or even-number, in which the chips are placed on the space of the layout marked “odd” (impair) or on the space marked “even” (pair); payoff is even money.
On layouts with a single zero (European style), the 0 may be included in a 2-number bet with any adjoining number, in a 3-number bet with 1 and 2 or with 2 and 3, and in a 4-number bet with 1, 2, and 3 at the regular odds for these bets. With the American-style 0 and 00, a 5-number line bet also is possible, the player placing his chips on the corner intersection of the line separating the 1, 2, 3 from the 0 and 00, with payoff odds of 6 to 1.
The play
The game begins when one of the croupiers (dealers) in attendance calls for the players to make their bets, which they do by placing chips on the spaces of the layout on any number, group, or classification they hope will win.
The croupier usually starts the wheel spinning in a counterclockwise direction and then spins a small ivory or plastic ball onto the bowl’s back track in the opposite direction. Players may continue to place bets while the wheel and ball are in motion until the ball slows down and is about to drop off the back track, at which time one of the croupiers announces that no more bets may be made.
When the ball falls and comes to rest between any two metal partitions of the wheel, it marks the winning number (or a 0 or 00), the winning colour, and any other permitted bet that pertains to a winning number or symbol. The dealer immediately announces the winning number and its colour and places a special marker on the corresponding number on the layout. He first collects all losing bets, not disturbing the chips that are resting on winning spaces, and then pays off any winning bets.
Executive toys without magnets
Cool executive toys you can buy (or make)
Please note: the information at the end of each article refers to the part number of that item at the source indicated. Arbor is Arbor Scientific, ScientificsOnline is ScientificsOnline, AS&S is American Science and Surplus, EdIn is Educational Innovations. Today, some of these items are no longer being made and are not available. Also check out OfficePlayground for several of these items!
Euler's Disk
This consists of a fairly heavy disk and a concave mirrored surface. Giving the disk a spin, like a coin, causes it to wobble and rotate for a long time. Very clever! (from Tangent Toy Co., Sausalito, CA) Check out www.eulersdisk.com. Cost is about $30.
Arbor , ScientificsOnline 81-183, AS&S , EdIn
Illusion Kaleidoscope
This is a new type of kaleidoscope where you don't have to move the objects you are looking at. It uses a space tube (sealed glass tube with glitter and color in water). Hold the tube vertically and look through the kaleidoscope while the particles slowly fall past the end of the mirrors. A nice toy to have around. (from WildeWood)Cost is about $20.
Arbor , ScientificsOnline , AS&S , EdIn
Gyro-Ring
Once you start the small rings spinning, you can keep them going by rotating the large metal ring. Something unusual! Takes a bit to master. (from Fascinations, Seattle, WA)Cost is about $10.
Arbor P3-3600, ScientificsOnline , AS&S , EdIn SS-18
Mini Rubik's Cube
A smaller version of the popular 3x3x3 Rubik's cube. Not quite as difficult to sort out, but still a challenge. (from OddzOn, Campbell, CA) Check these sites out for the solution, realize you only have corner cubes, no edge cubes or face cubes.
http://www.rubiks.com/
Cost is about $6.
Arbor , ScientificsOnline , AS&S , EdIn
Magic Sand Wand
How can you get the steel ball to go from one end to the other? See Patent # 4506892.Cost is about $6.
Arbor , ScientificsOnline 81-555, AS&S 91214, EdIn SS-19
Slipper or Water Wiggler or Water Weenie
I'm not sure of the name, but it sure is slippery, weird and fun!Cost is about $3.
Arbor , ScientificsOnline , AS&S 91383, EdIn
Soma Cube
Similar to pentominoes, but not quite as versatile. You can make your own, or find them in a store. There are 7 pieces. One piece is made of 3 blocks, the other six pieces are made of 4 blocks. Each piece is unique. The assembly on the right is not cube shaped, but each building block used for this is like a flattened cube, or a 3-D rhombus shape. This makes it much more difficult to find a solution. I know of only one solution (not counting rotations and flip-overs).
Arbor , ScientificsOnline , AS&S , EdIn
Wooden Puzzles
There are several puzzles available to work on. Some are called Burr Puzzles. The one in the middle is very tricky to take apart, and even more difficult to put back together. I would suggest you take a digital photo of each step you take during disassembly. The plastic one on the right is interesting and uses the same principles as the wooden ones.
Arbor , ScientificsOnline , AS&S , EdIn
Tri-Zonal Space Warper
Very cool! See immovable things move! (from Binary Arts)Cost is about $5.
Arbor , ScientificsOnline , AS&S , EdIn
Twin Tangle
There are a lot of different twisted metal puzzles out there, but this is a fairly nice one to actually own. (from Binary Arts)Cost is about $8.
Arbor , ScientificsOnline , AS&S , EdIn
Wire Puzzle (Flexistar-6)
This is a clever puzzle made of bent wire pieces held together by copper springs. Several different types of shapes are possible! (I received this as a gift, so I don't know how much it cost or where it came from, but check WonderBrains). The wire Puzzletts Pocket Puzzle on the right, the Trapeze, is from the Puzzle Shop, 1-800-354-2704. Very tricky! Cost about $6.
Arbor , ScientificsOnline , AS&S 91402, EdIn
Klixx
Fun to play with when there's nothing else to do. (from Chase Toys, Ventura, CA) See Patent # 5172537.
Arbor , ScientificsOnline , AS&S , EdIn
Drinking Bird
Once you start the bird drinking, it will keep on going as long as the water level is kept above a minimum height. This has been around for many years, but it still works great and is fun to watch. (from Arbor Scientific, Ann Arbor, MI)Cost is about $5.
Arbor P3-5001, ScientificsOnline 53-617, AS&S 3808, EdIn DB-100
Rattleback, also known as Celt
Very unusual device. Start it spinning in one direction, it will slow down, wobble back and forth for a moment, then start spinning in the opposite direction all by itself! I first saw this on the Johnny Carson show around 1975. (Can be obtained from TEDCO, Hagerstown, IN, 1-800-654-6357). Costs about $3.50. Also available from Arbor Scientific at 2 for $3.95.
Arbor P2-2120, ScientificsOnline 39-089, AS&S 88910, EdIn SS-300
For a rattleback about 12 inches long, contact Charles W. Sherburne, 3409 Patton Avenue, San Pedro,
CA 90731. He calls it an ARK, and it is an art object beautifully molded in black plastic. Price is about $20.
His literature indicates that he has a design patent on the ARK #D.E.S. 210,947.
Jacob's Ladder
This was a lot easier to make than I thought! I purchased a used neon sign transformer from a neon sign company. It is rated at 15,000V out at 30mA. I cut a coat hanger into two pieces and formed them as shown. The gap at the bottom is about 1/4', the gap at the top is about 3'. Plug it in, and watch the arc climb! Be very careful. This will give you a very bad shock if you touch it while it's on, and a bad burn!
http://www.repairfaq.org/sam/jacobs.htm
Cost is about $25.
Arbor , ScientificsOnline , AS&S , EdIn
Moving Spool
Great fun to fool your friends! Check out the reference. You can make this roll either toward you or away from you as you pull the string. The spool is a roller for boat trailers. It cost about $3. That's all there is to it. I added a bolt for some additional weight.
Arbor , ScientificsOnline , AS&S , EdIn
Pendulum Man
A new way to investigate simple periodic motion as well as chaotic motion. The various arms and legs attach to a central rotating connector which can be stuck to a refrigerator door (yes, it is magnetic). It cost about $10 and is from www.hogwildtoys.com.See Patent # 5145378.
Arbor , ScientificsOnline (they have this, don't know the number), AS&S , EdIn
Tops
I always enjoy checking out new styles of spinning tops. Here are two which are a little unusual. The one on the left actually spins on a glass marble embedded in the bottom of the wooden disk. This provides a hard, smooth, low friction surface for long spins. The top in the middle is also known as a 'tippe top' since it will tip over or invert itself and spin on its stem after it is started. The real surprise with this top is that it will spin in the opposite direction than you may think after it inverts itself! For more info, check out the book 'Physics Demonstration Experiments' by Harry F. Meiners, published by the Ronald Press Company, NY, 1970, vol 2, pp297-299 (there is even a photo of Professors Pauli and Bohr watching a tippe top spin). The one on the right is simply a nice top from the Greenfield Village.
Arbor , ScientificsOnline , AS&S 88697, EdIn SS-8A
'Hour Glass'
A Small Steel Roulette Ball Rolls Around The Inside Of A 30 Cm
There are a lot of different kinds of hour glasses around, including those that provide some spinning motion as a liquid drips from one location to another. However, this is more like a conventional pair of hour glasses, but where the black sand falls, and the yellow sand rises in their respective liquids.Cost was about $10.
Arbor , ScientificsOnline , AS&S 91377, EdIn
Fly Shooter
This is more than a toy, it is a real fly swatter. By pressing the white 'dart' with the round fly swatting grid onto the gun, a spring is compressed. You aim the swatter and when the trigger is pulled, it is launched and squashes the pesky insect. The string prevents the swatter from getting lost or zooming across the office and landing in someone else's cubicle, by accident. Be the envy of your peers!
http://www.martinpaul.com/flyshooter.html
Cost was about $5.
Arbor , ScientificsOnline , AS&S , EdIn
SwissCard
Now this is a clever tool! You have, in a card which measures only 3.25' x 2.125' x 0.1875', a knife, scissors, nail file, screwdriver, toothpick, tweezers, ball-point pen, straight pin, mm scale and inch scale! Cool! This one was a gift from Rockwell Automation (hence the logo) but they are available in stores that sells Victorinox Swiss Army knives.
http://www.lazarsluggage.com/lazarsluggage/5120.html
Cost is about $27.
Arbor , ScientificsOnline , AS&S , EdIn
A Small Steel Roulette Ball Rolls Around The Sun
Flashing Ball
This is a real eye catcher! Bounce the ball, and it will start to flash a couple of LEDs inside. After a few seconds, it'll stop. After the batteries die, there's no way to replace them. Still, it's fun. I received this as a prize.
Arbor , ScientificsOnline , AS&S 91304, EdIn
Tangle Puzzle
An interesting little item to twist and turn.
Arbor , ScientificsOnline , AS&S , EdIn
Roller Ball
This is a lot cooler than I thought. You start the yellow ball spinning with a small string, then you hold the green case and rotate your wrist back and forth, causing the yellow ball to speed up. After a couple of minutes, your wrist actually will start feeling tired due to the workout it's getting. I got this at American Science & Surplus for only $8, but also found it in a store in a mall for $23!
Arbor , ScientificsOnline 82-416, AS&S 91247, EdIn
Radiometer
I'm sure you know how this works: heat creates a lot of molecular activity in front of the dark colored vanes, causing it to spin. I picked this up from Arbor Scientific. Cost about $8.50.
Arbor P3-8105, ScientificsOnline 60-082, AS&S 26569, EdIn RAD-100
Hydro Gyro
Another unusual type of top or gyroscope. It is filled with water which flings to the outside of the spinning section, creating a vertical wall of water near the center! Cost about $9.
Arbor , ScientificsOnline 82-362, AS&S 91652, EdIn
Marble Twister
This is a fairly new item on the market. It is well built and works great! Interesting idea with the centripetal forces. Cost about $40.
Arbor , ScientificsOnline 82-423, AS&S, EdIn MAR-100
Atomic Clock
I'm sure you've seen these around. I received this as a gift. It's great to have a clock that's always right on! Every night, around 2am, it updates itself to the WWVB time signal from Fort Collins, Colorado. I don't even have to change it for Daylight Savings Time!
Staple-less Stapler
This was a handy item I found in Chicago at the Architecture Store. It is actually called the Handy Clip. It fastens up to 5 pieces of paper together without using staples! Instead, it punches a tab that slips into a slot, all in the motion of pressing down on the button on top. You will never run out of staples again. It only cost about $8. Very neat design job.
Slinky
Slinky's have been around for a long time. This one is a miniature one, about 1.375' diameter, making it fun to play with during long, boring meetings (if you have to attend them). Keep one on your desk for others to play with. Stack some books like a staircase and watch it step down. Since they are made of steel, you can use a magnet to hang it from a lamp or a steel shelf. This cost about $3.
Tetris Cube
We've all played Tetris. This takes the tetris pieces (plus a few more) and allows you to place them into a 3D cube. Using 12 pieces, there are 9839 different ways to assemble the pieces into this cube! Have fun finding one of the solutions. From www.imaginationgames.com . This cost about $20.
Oloid from Kuboid
I came across this at Technorama. A very interesting wooden sculpture that can roll downhill in a wobbly fashion. These are carved from various different types of wood, and in different sizes. You can find out more at www.kuboid.ch. This size oloid (3' long) cost about $48.
Metal Puzzle
This also came from Technorama. It is similar to Pentominoes, but the shapes are not quite the same. It comes in a beautifully thin, 3'x3' metal box that opens. As you can see, there are 48 different starting positions. Have fun trying each one! Made by Arco, Item No 201190. This cost about $20.
Blokus
This came from Technorama, too. The individual shapes are combinations of squares of one, two (dominoes), three (triminoes), four (Tetris) and five (Pentominoes). The goal is to cover as much of the board as possible with your pieces. Fun for a family. Made by Froschkonig, (frog prince). See also www.blokus.com. This cost about $33.
WanderFly, Fun Flystick
I found this at a shopping mall. They are available several places, like Edmund Scientific, P/N X31512-82. They talk about magnetic levitation, but that's not how this works. It is by electrostatics - like a hand-held Van De Graaff generator.. Very intriguing to make the foil piece float above the stick. This cost about $30.
Cyclone Puzzle
A Small Steel Roulette Ball Rolls Around The Inside
I received this as a gift. A very unusual sphere, made up of black and blue shapes, all identical, with small spirals at the four corners where they can clip together. Costs about $11. From The Lagoon Group.
A Small Steel Roulette Ball Rolls Around Heaven
Paper PaperClips
I also received this as a gift. Paper clips made of paper! From DCI Product.
Whenever you visit a science museum or a toy store, keep your eyes open for a new kind of toy!